Population Data, Bureau of the Census
Access to a variety of Census Bureau data sources on population characteristics. Of particular interest:

  • Census 2000 — Comprehensive demographic, socioeconomic and housing data for states, metropolitan areas, counties, cities, places, census tracts and other geographic areas. To obtain available data and reports for specific area, select state under "Data Highlights". Additional means of access:
    • Census 2000 Population and Housing Reports — Access to Census 2000 Adobe Acrobat ( .pdf) reports.
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    • Demographic Profiles — Summary tables of demographic, social, economic, and housing characteristics for states, counties, minor civil divisions in selected states, places, metropolitan areas, American Indian and Alaska Native areas, Hawaiian home lands and congressional districts (106th Congress). Includes 100-percent and sample data from Census 2000. Provided in Excel, .pdf, and FTP formats.
    • Census 2000 Brief Series — Interpretative analysis of Census 2000 data on specific population and housing topics (e.g., race, age), including geographic distribution by state.
    • Census 2000 Housing Unit Counts — Housing counts for states, counties, places, and other areas. 
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  • American Community Survey — Using adaptation of Decennial Census long form, annually revised estimates of demographic, socioeconomic, and housing data for states, cities, counties, metropolitan areas, census tracts, block groups, and other geographic areas. Being phased in 1996-2009. Currently, data annually collected for states, metro areas and counties of over 250,000 population, and 31 demonstration areas. 
  • American FactFinder — Query-based access to population tables and maps from Census 2000 and American Community Survey, for states and areas.
  • Population Estimates — Annual estimates of total population (by age, sex, race) for the U.S., states, metropolitan areas, counties, places, and county subdivisions; annual estimates of components of population change (births, deaths, migration) for the U.S., states and counties. 
  • Foreign Born Population — Annual estimates of foreign born population by states and selected metro areas, with selected characteristics.  See "Detailed Tables", groups 4 and 5.
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  • Population Projections — Population projections, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, for states, for years ending in "0" and "5," from 1995 to 2025. 
  • Historical Censuses of Population and Housing — Access to query-based detailed tables for 1990 Census and summary tables for earlier censuses, for states and areas.

Census 2000 Demographic Profiles, Missouri Census Data Center, Missouri Secretary of State
Quick access to Census 2000 Demographic Profiles (.pdf format), for counties, places, metro areas, and Congressional districts.

Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture
A ten-part classification scheme that distinguishes metropolitan counties by population size, and non-metropolitan counties by size of urban population and proximity to metro areas. 

AmeriStat, Population Reference Bureau
Access to demographic data and analyses on a variety of topics.

Living Cities Census Series, Center for Urban and Metropolitan Policy, The Brookings Institution
Access to reports analyzing Census 2000 data. Report topics include race, city growth, and downtown revival.

Census Notes and Data, FannieMae Foundation
Series of analyses of Census 2000 data on a variety of topics, e.g., urban turnaround, suburban development, and homeownership patterns.

Historical Census Data, Geospatial and Statistical Data Center, University of Virginia
Query-based access to state and county demographic data from Decennial Census, 1790-1960.

Race and Ethnic Distributions in the United States, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
From Census 2000, data for population 18 years and older by ethnicity and single and multiple race categories, for states, metro areas, counties, and places of 50,000 or more. Data are presented for all smaller multiple race categories that are one percent or more of a geographic area. 

Metropolitan Racial and Ethnic Change, Lewis Mumford Center, State University of New York at Albany
Analysis of race and ethnicity data from 1990 and 2000 Census measuring extent of integration and segregation for 331 metro areas. Data for whole population and children alone; available for central cities, suburbs, and full metro areas. Rankings available as well.

Multiracial Patterns, University of Southern California
Data on prevalence and distribution of multiracial respondents to Census 2000, by state.

Latino Population Counts, Inter-University Program for Latino Research
Latino population data for states, counties, and cities, from Census Bureau.

KIDS COUNT Census Data Online, Annie E. Casey Foundation
Demographic data regarding children and their families, for states, counties, cities, metro areas, and Congressional districts. Topics include age, sex, race and ethnicity, and living arrangements. Based on Census 2000 short form data.

Statistical Information on Older Persons, Administration on Aging
Population estimates and characteristics of older Americans, from Census data, by state. 

Demographic Data on Single People, American Association for Single People
Tables providing demographic data on singles, by state, including proportion of singles and Congressional districts with an unmarried majority.

Journey to Work, Bureau of Economic Analysis
Number of commuters from a county of residence to a county of work, for 1970-latest Decennial Census.

Household and Population Proxies, Internal Revenue Service Limited Free Data
Number of income tax returns (which can be used to approximate households) and number of personal exemptions (which can be used to approximate population), for states, counties, and zip codes.

Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics
Access to tables on birth, death, marriage, and divorce rates, by state.

Migration Data, Internal Revenue Service Fee Required
Annual state-to-state and county-to-county gross migration flows. 

Immigration and Alien Resident Data, Immigration and Naturalization Service 
Immigrants admitted and naturalizations, by state and metro area of intended residence. Also, refugees, asylees, temporary admissions, illegal immigrants, legal permanent residents, and aliens eligible for naturalization, by state. Annual data.

American Religion Data Archive, Pennsylvania State University
Data on churches and church membership, religious professionals, and religious groups (individuals, congregations and denominations), from about 200 surveys. Query-based profiles available by states, metro areas, and counties; maps available by state; survey data available for download.

Religious Affiliation, Adherents.com
Reference material on religious affiliation by country, state, and metro area. Drawn from multiple sources.

Religious Centers, The Pluralism Project, Harvard University
Thematic maps by state of religious centers for Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Jainism.

Decennial Census Data, GeoLytics  Fee Required
Decennial Census data provided on CD, 1970-2000. Also sells Neighborhood Change Database (1970-2000), with Decennial Census variables and census tract boundaries consistently defined across census years.

American Demographics Fee Required
On-line access to articles in back issues.